Glossary
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Matching Game
**VPS**
A Virtual Private Server. It's like renting your own private slice of a big computer that lives in a data center, so you can run programs or websites on it over the internet.
**SQL**
A special language used to talk to databases. It lets you ask questions like "show me all the users" or "add this new record."
**Server**
A computer that stays on all the time and provides something to other computers, like a website, files, or data, whenever they ask for it.
**Snapshot (VPS)**
A saved copy of your whole VPS at one exact moment in time. If something breaks later, you can use the snapshot to bring it back to how it was.
**DPA**
Stands for Data Processing Agreement. It's a legal document that explains how a company is allowed to handle and protect someone else's personal data.
**#vCPU**
Short for "number of virtual CPUs." It tells you how much processing power your VPS has, kind of like how many "brain cores" it's allowed to use.
**SSD**
Solid State Drive. A fast type of storage for saving files and data, faster than older hard drives because it has no spinning parts.
**Latency**
The time delay between asking a computer to do something and it actually responding. Lower latency means faster response.
**LTS**
Stands for Long Term Support. It means a version of software that will keep getting updates and fixes for a long time, so it's considered stable and safe to use.
**Primary Key**
A column that gives each row in a database its own unique ID. No two rows should have the same primary key.
**Foreign Key**
A column that connects one table in a database to another table.
**Table**
A place in a database where information is organized into rows and columns.
**Record**
One complete set of information in a database table. It is usually one row.
**Column**
A category of information in a database, such as a name, age, or email address.
**Row**
A single record of information in a database table.
**Query**
A request for information from a database. A query can also be used to add, change, or delete information.
**Database Management System (DBMS)**
A program that lets you create, store, organize, and manage databases.
**Schema**
The design or structure of a database. It shows things like tables, columns, and how the tables are connected.
**Normalization**
Organizing a database so that information is not unnecessarily repeated and the data stays organized.
**Relationship**
A connection between information stored in different database tables.
**Index**
A tool that helps a database find information faster, similar to how an index in a book helps you find a specific topic.
**CRUD**
The four basic things you can do with data: Create, Read, Update, and Delete.
**SQLite**
A small database system that stores an entire database in a single file. It is commonly used for smaller applications and projects.
**Relational Database**
A database that stores information in tables and connects those tables using relationships.
**Operating System (OS)**
The main software that manages a computer and allows other programs to run. Windows, Linux, and macOS are examples.
**Kernel**
The core part of an operating system that manages the computer's hardware and allows programs to use things like the CPU and memory.
**Process**
A program that is currently running on a computer.
**Thread**
A smaller part of a process that can perform a task. A program can have multiple threads working at the same time.
**CPU**
The part of a computer that carries out instructions and performs calculations. It is often called the computer's processor.
**RAM**
Temporary memory that a computer uses to store information while programs are running. The information in RAM is normally lost when the computer is turned off.
**File System**
The way an operating system organizes and stores files and folders on a computer.
**Directory**
Another name for a folder. Directories are used to organize files and other directories.
**Path**
The location of a file or folder on a computer. It tells the computer where to find something.
**Command Line**
A way to control a computer by typing commands instead of using buttons and menus.
**Terminal**
A program that allows you to use the command line to communicate with a computer.
**Shell**
A program that reads commands you type and tells the operating system what to do.
**Linux**
A family of operating systems that are commonly used on computers, servers, and other devices.
**Debian**
A popular Linux distribution. It provides the operating system along with many programs and tools.
**Permission**
Rules that control what a user is allowed to do with a file or folder, such as reading, changing, or running it.
**Root**
The administrator account in Linux. Root has very high-level permissions and can make major changes to the system.
**Environment Variable**
A value stored by the operating system that programs can use for information or settings.
**Virtual Machine (VM)**
A computer created using software that runs inside another physical computer. It acts like a separate computer.
**Virtual Private Server (VPS)**
A rented section of a larger server that acts like your own computer. You can use it to run programs, websites, or other services over the internet.
**Compiler**
A program that translates code written by a programmer into instructions that a computer can understand and run.
**Interpreter**
A program that reads and runs code, usually one part at a time, instead of translating the entire program first.
**Program**
A set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.
**Software**
Programs and instructions that run on a computer. Examples include web browsers, games, and operating systems.
**Hardware**
The physical parts of a computer that you can touch, such as the keyboard, CPU, RAM, and hard drive.
**API**
A way for different programs to communicate with each other and exchange information.
**Server**
A computer or program that provides information or services to other computers or programs.
**Client**
A computer or program that requests information or services from a server.
**Port**
A numbered communication point that helps a computer know which program should receive network traffic.
**IP Address**
A number used to identify a device on a network. It allows computers to find and communicate with each other.
**Protocol**
A set of rules that computers follow when communicating with each other.
**Cat**
Add definition.